Acute patients who…
- Are in cardiac or respiratory arrest
- Require multiple IV sticks to obtain vascular access for medication or fluid infusion
- Have limited or no vascular access
- Require rapid intubation or sedation
- Previously required central venous access for infusion due to difficult vascular access
- Have an immediate need for drugs or fluids
- Intraosseous access for emergencies
- Fracture (targeted bone)
- Previous orthopedic procedures near insertion site
- Prosthetic Limb or joint
- IO within past 24 hours (targeted bone)
- Infection at the insertion site
- Inability to locate landmarks or excessive tissue